Rodents in North African agriculture: Ecological roles, economic impacts, and management strategies

Abstract

Invasive rodents pose a major threat to food security, public health, and the sustainability of agricultural systems. Their high adaptability, rapid reproduction, and opportunistic behavior make them formidable pests for crops and food stocks, particularly in semi-arid regions such as Morocco. Citrus species (Merione shawi and Gerbillus campestris) and commensal species (Rattus norvigecus, Rattus rattus, and Mus musculus) induces significant damages in the field, while anthropophilic rodents that have the ability to live also close to man settlements cause serious damage and contaminate stored product. The potential of damage of these species is generally linked to their biology, in particular a high reproductive potential and a reproduction cycle compatible with the agricultural cycle, which leads to outbreaks. This article presents a comprehensive overview of integrated rodent management strategies, encompassing preventive measures, physical control methods, chemical interventions, biological controls, and monitoring systems. Effective rodent management requires a multifaceted approach that combines cultural practices, habitat modification, and targeted control measures while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring human safety.

Keywords: Rodents, Rodenticides, IPM, Ecologically-Based Rodent Management